The NASDAQ is the acronym for the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation Systems, though the organization has dropped the Automated Quotation Systems part of the name as obsolete. This NASDAQ is the country’s second largest stock exchange. It represents the principal rival to the NYSE, or New York Stock Exchange, which is the largest stock exchange in the [...]

National Bank refers to one of several different concepts depending on which country a person is contemplating. Within the universe of banking in developing countries, it relates to banks which are owned and operated by the nation. It can also mean a private bank that operates on a national scale (rather than internationally or locally). In the past, many economists [...]

The National Bank Act refers to three different congressionally passed acts which set up a regime of national banks for the disparate state banks across the United States. These three Federal Banking Acts enabled the U.S. National Banking System to arise. The idea was to foster the creation of a nationwide currency which would be backed up by U.S. Treasury [...]

The NBER National Bureau of Economic Research is an organization whose purpose centers on creating and disbursing economic research. They are committed to encouraging better understanding of the way the economy functions for individuals, businesses, and policymakers. As part of this they write and distribute unbiased economic reports. The NBER got its start in 1920 as a not for profit, [...]

A negative income tax is a tax regime that is considered to be extremely progressive. In this system, those individuals who earn less than a minimum specified amount obtain additional income from their government rather than have to pay the government taxes into the system at all. This type of forward thinking system has been bandied about by various economists [...]

Negative interest rates are those that fall below 0%. In the past, negative interest proved to be only a theoretical discussion that economists played around with for the sake of argument. In 2010 Sweden’s central bank put these rates into practice as a means of stemming the flow of outside money into the country. Denmark followed suite in 2012. Since [...]

Negotiable instruments are documents which agree to provide payment to a particular individual known as the assignee. The individual who receives this payment is called the payee. This party usually has to be named or somehow mentioned on the instrument itself. One type of negotiable instrument is a check. Checks are negotiable instruments that can be transferred. These signed documents [...]

The Net Asset Value refers to a mutual fund and its per share value. It is also known by its acronym NAV. Exchange traded funds, or ETFs, can also be referenced by the NAV. These values which the companies themselves compute for investors only provide a snap shot of the NAV at a particular time and date. In either security [...]

Net Operating Income can refer to two different concepts. It may be used in regards to companies and corporations, or to properties and their annual incomes. Where companies are concerned, Net Operating Income, also known by its acronym NOI, is the income after deducting the company’s operating expenses. It is figured up in advance of taking off interest and income [...]

Net operating profit after tax is also called by its acronym of NOPAT. This refers to the potential earnings (in cash) of a corporation working under the pretense that it has no debt. This NOPAT metric is often utilized in so-called EVA economic valued added calculations. The formula for determining NOPAT is as follows: the operating income times the result [...]

Net Present Value refers to a principal profitability measure that companies utilize in their corporate budget planning process. It helps them to analyze the possible ROI return on investment for a particular proposed or working project. Thanks to the involvement of time value and its depreciating effect on dollars, the NPV is forced to consider a discount rate and its [...]

Net Profit refers to the remaining sales dollars which are left over after a firm pays for all of its operating costs, interest on debt, preferred stock dividends, and taxes. Common stock dividends are not included in the amounts deducted from the firm’s aggregate sales revenue. Sometimes analysts call this type of profit the net income, the bottom line, and/or [...]

Net worth is a figure that represents a business, an individual, or another group’s difference between the assets that they have and the liabilities that they owe. Figuring up this net worth is done by first taking all of the entity’s debts and obligations and then subtracting that number from the entire sum of assets. If the total of all [...]

The New Deal represented a new domestic economic program that American President Franklin D. Roosevelt put into place in the years from 1933 to 1939. The goals of this extensive program were to provide immediate and urgent economic relief to the unemployed along with much needed economic reforms in finance, agriculture, industry, labor, waterpower, and housing. These economic programs and [...]

The New York Mercantile Exchange proves to be the biggest physical commodity exchange for futures buying, selling, and trading in the world. Since they merged, it is comprised of both the NYMEX Division and the COMEX Division. At NYMEX, traders are able to trade platinum, palladium, and energy markets. COMEX is where they trade FTSE 100 index options as well [...]

The NYSE is the acronym for the world’s largest stock exchange, the New York Stock Exchange. With a market capitalization of companies listed on it totaling at $11.92 trillion dollars in August 2010, it also possessed an average day trading value of around $153 billion in 2008. By market capitalization, the NYSE has no rivals for size. The New York [...]

Nielson Holdings PLC represents the British-based, truly global data, information, and measurement firm which was originally started in the United States. Today it operates in more than 100 countries around the world and counts 44,000 staff among its worldwide employees. In 2015, they announced aggregate revenues of $6.2 billion. As a company with enormous operations in the U.S., it is [...]

The Nikkei is an abbreviation for Japan’s foremost, best known, and most respected stock index of Japanese companies. Its full name is the Nikkei 225 Stock Average. This index is price weighted and made up of the top 225 industry leading companies which investors trade on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. The United States equivalent of this Nikkei is the Dow [...]

A Non Performing Asset is also known by its acronym NPA. This pertains to a certain way of categorizing loans on a banks’ balance sheet. Such NPA loans are those which are in arrears on their regular payments or are otherwise in outright default. In the majority of instances, loans become categorized as nonperforming as the payments on the loans [...]

Nonprofit Organizations represent entities whose reason for being is to provide help or value to members or the community at large. These are also called not for profit organizations as well as non-business entities. There are many reasons why an agency would incorporate as a not for profit. They are often interested in promoting points of view or social and [...]

Numismatics refers to the collection and study of currency. This includes such objects as coins, paper money, tokens, and other objects used as money. Numismatists are often described as those individuals who collect or study coins. Included in the broader definition is the wider study of payment methods that settle debts and facilitate the exchanging of goods. In this sense, [...]

Numismatist refers to those individuals who study and often collect coins as well. These Numismatists are able to start with coins and then broaden their studies and collecting hobby to include other types of currency. Among these other types are paper money, jewelry, and some forms of bartered goods. There are two interesting approaches to studying numismatics. One can pursue [...]

Promissory notes are negotiable instruments that are called notes payable in accounting circles. In such promissory notes, an issuer writes an unlimited promise that he or she will pay a certain amount of money to the payee. This can be set up either on demand of the payee, or at a pre arranged future point in time. Specific terms are [...]